How to Survive in a Multialigned World

The Indian Way of Strategic Diversification

Tanvi Madan | Foreign Affairs, January/February 2026

In How to Survive in a Multialigned World, Tanvi Madan examines how India navigates an era defined by strategic fragmentation and great-power rivalry. Rather than aligning exclusively with one bloc, India has adopted a strategy of diversification that allows it to maintain autonomy while engaging multiple global actors.

Strategic Diversification in a Fragmented System

Madan explains that India’s approach reflects a broader transformation in global politics. As the international system becomes less clearly bipolar or unipolar, many states seek flexibility instead of fixed alliances.

India, therefore, cultivates relationships with the United States, Russia, Europe, and partners in the Global South simultaneously. This strategy reduces vulnerability and increases diplomatic maneuverability in a competitive environment.

Balancing Interests and Autonomy

Moreover, multialignment does not mean neutrality. India actively pursues national interests through issue-based cooperation. In security matters, it deepens ties with Washington and regional partners. Meanwhile, it maintains economic and defense links with other major powers.

At the same time, this diversification protects India from overdependence. By spreading strategic risk, New Delhi strengthens its ability to adapt to sudden geopolitical shifts.

Implications for Global Order

The article argues that India’s strategy reflects the logic of a multialigned world. As global rivalry intensifies, more states may adopt similar approaches to maximize sovereignty.

Ultimately, Madan suggests that strategic diversification is not temporary. It may represent a structural feature of the emerging global order, where flexibility becomes a central source of power.

Reference

Madan, T. (2026). How to survive in a multialigned world: The Indian way of strategic diversification. Foreign Affairs, 105(1). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/