Natural Resources
-
Even Hormuz reopening will not resolve Europe’s key energy vulnerability
Europe’s energy security continues to face structural vulnerability linked to its dependence on external suppliers and constrained diversification options. Even after periods of crisis in the Strait of Hormuz, the…
-
The UK can’t break off critical mineral links with China. But it can understand its vulnerabilities
The United Kingdom remains deeply connected to China through critical mineral supply chains, making a complete separation economically unrealistic. Minerals essential for electronics, clean energy, and advanced manufacturing are often…