A New Paradigm for American Policy
Andrew P. Miller | Foreign Affairs, January/February 2026
In The End of the Israel Exception, Andrew P. Miller argues that U.S. policy toward Israel is entering a new phase. For decades, Israel occupied a unique position in American foreign policy, often receiving bipartisan and largely unconditional support. However, shifting regional dynamics and domestic political debates are challenging that traditional framework.
Reassessing a Special Relationship
Miller explains that the “Israel exception” refers to the long-standing reluctance of U.S. policymakers to apply the same strategic conditionality to Israel that they apply to other allies. Over time, this approach shaped diplomatic practice and congressional behavior.
However, political polarization within the United States has begun to affect perceptions of the U.S.–Israel relationship. Generational shifts, evolving party dynamics, and debates over democracy and human rights have introduced new tensions into what was once a stable consensus.
Strategic and Regional Shifts
At the same time, the Middle East has changed significantly. The Abraham Accords, shifting regional alliances, and altered security threats have transformed Israel’s strategic environment. As a result, U.S. policy assumptions built around earlier geopolitical conditions may no longer fully apply.
Miller suggests that unconditional support can limit diplomatic flexibility. A recalibrated policy, therefore, could allow Washington to better align its values, strategic interests, and regional objectives.
Toward a New Policy Framework
The article does not argue for abandoning the U.S.–Israel partnership. Instead, it calls for moving beyond exceptionalism. Strategic partnerships, Miller contends, function best when grounded in accountability, clarity, and mutual interests.
Ultimately, the essay frames this moment as an inflection point. The future of U.S.–Israel relations will depend on whether policymakers adapt to changing realities while preserving long-term cooperation.
Reference
Miller, A. P. (2026). The end of the Israel exception: A new paradigm for American policy. Foreign Affairs, 105(1). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/