Rising Industry Needs and Energy Realities
Africa’s industrialization could generate many jobs and reduce poverty while facing steep energy shortfalls for growth. Moreover, almost 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa still lack electricity access, creating a core barrier to development. At the same time, energy demand is projected to soar as the population climbs towards 2.5 billion by 2050.
Yet, disproportionate calls for faster decarbonization could penalize Africa despite its minor contribution to global emissions. In addition, common net-zero models underestimate the continent’s energy and industrial ambitions, risking low energy access traps. Therefore, a blend of energy sources appears necessary to support both development and climate goals together.
Accordingly, fossil fuels could play a short-term role to meet immediate energy needs and ensure reliable power. For example, nature gas reserves across Senegal, Mozambique, and Egypt offer baseload capacity that industry demands. Hence, Africa might use fossil fuels pragmatically while planning long-term clean energy expansion.
Paths Toward Sustainable Industrial Power
Nevertheless, renewable prospects vary by region, with solar, geothermal, and hydro offering strong potential in many countries. For instance, Morocco’s large solar complex and Kenya’s geothermal success already demonstrate viable low-carbon models.
In contrast, nations with limited fossil fuels might leapfrog directly into renewables to power industry. Meanwhile, hybrid energy systems combining gas and renewables could balance reliability and sustainability for large industrial zones.
With increased finance, technologies like solar panels, smart grids, and batteries become more accessible and affordable. Without adequate investment, however, clean energy goals remain constrained by cost and infrastructure challenges.
Thus, reinvesting revenues from short-term fossil fuel use into renewable development accelerates Africa’s long-term transition. Ultimately, a balanced energy mix that adapts to local resources can drive industrial growth while reducing emissions.
Source:
Mbaye, A. A., & Thiam, M. (2026, February 6). Powering Africa’s industries: Should the region leapfrog the use of fossil fuels? Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/powering-africas-industries-should-the-region-leapfrog-the-use-of-fossil-fuels/