China
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Leapfrogging China’s Critical Minerals Dominance
How Innovation Can Secure U.S. Supply Chains — Council on Foreign Relations (February 2026) Critical Minerals at the Center of Geopolitics Critical minerals (such as rare-earth elements, lithium, and cobalt)…
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Equity Financing and Exports: Evidence from IPO Approvals in China
Access to financing is a primary engine for business growth. However, many wonder: how does equity specifically influence foreign sales? A recent study by the National Bureau of Economic Research…
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What to look out for at this year’s meeting of China’s legislature
Introduction and Context China’s legislature, the National People’s Congress (NPC), will meet in early March for its annual session that shapes national priorities and policy direction. Strategic Setting This session…
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China is playing the long game over Iran
Beijing’s Long Game in the US–Iran Standoff The article China is playing the long game over Iran analyzes what appears to be diplomatic restraint but is, in fact, a calculated…
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Is the US dollar’s reserve currency status eroding?
Context of Recent Dollar Weakness Since early in President Trump’s second term, the U.S. dollar has dropped sharply on a trade-weighted basis, with steep moves in April 2025 and January…
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Assessing Xi’s Unprecedented Purges of China’s Military: Key Developments and Potential Implications
Introduction and Scope China’s military has seen an extraordinary purge of senior officers since 2022, including top generals and commanders. This purge leaves only one senior general on the Central…
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Monetary Policy: Navigating Deflationary Risks in the People’s Republic of China
The PBOC’s Balancing Act In 2026, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) faces the difficult task of stimulating growth without triggering financial instability or long-term debt bubbles. With inflation hovering…
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Demographic Headwinds: Labor Decline in the People’s Republic of China
Managing the Long-term Workforce Shrinkage The IMF’s 2026 assessment underscores that the People’s Republic of China’s working-age population is shrinking at an accelerating rate due to decades of low birth…
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State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) Reform in the People’s Republic of China
Overview: The Dual Role of the State in the Economy The 2026 report revisits the long-standing debate over the efficiency and role of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) within the People’s Republic…
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China Article IV Consultation 2025
IMF Assessment of Macroeconomic Stability and Reform Priorities The China Article IV Consultation released by the International Monetary Fund provides a comprehensive assessment of the country’s macroeconomic outlook at a…
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Fiscal Reform: Strengthening the People’s Republic of China’s Revenue and Social Safety Nets
The Need for Modernized Public Finance The 2026 IMF report emphasizes that the People’s Republic of China’s fiscal system requires a fundamental overhaul to support its transition to a consumption-led…
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How China’s Economy Can Pivot to Consumption-led Growth
China’s Growth Context China’s economy showed 5% growth in 2025, reflecting resilience after multiple shocks and strong export performance. However, domestic demand has remained weak, partly due to a prolonged…
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The Crisis of Local Government Financing Vehicles: Addressing People’s Republic of China’s Hidden Debt
A Systemic Risk to Fiscal Stability The 2026 Article IV report identifies the debt of Local Government Financing Vehicles (LGFVs) as a primary source of financial vulnerability for the People’s…
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The Belt and Road Initiative in 2026: From Expansion to Strategic High-Quality Cooperation
Redefining Global Economic Connectivity The 2026 Article IV report provides a critical update on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), highlighting its transition toward a “high-quality” development phase. Following the…
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Hainan Free Trade Port: A Laboratory for China’s High-Level Opening Up
The Frontier of Economic Liberalization The 2026 Article IV report emphasizes the strategic importance of the Hainan Free Trade Port (FTP) as a cornerstone of China’s commitment to high-level economic…
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Strategic Sovereignty: China’s Push for Food and Technological Security
Resilience in an Era of Geopolitical Uncertainty In its 2026 Article IV report, the IMF highlights China’s intensified focus on “strategic security,” specifically in the realms of food and technology.…
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How China’s Economy Can Pivot to Consumption-led Growth
En: Asia – PacíficoChina’s economy has demonstrated resilience despite multiple shocks, supported by strong exports and fiscal stimulus. Growth reached 5 percent in 2025, and projections place expansion at 4.5 percent this year,…
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America and China at the Edge of Ruin
A Last Chance to Step Back From the Brink David M. Lampton & Wang Jisi | Foreign Affairs, March/April 2026 The phrase America China ruin captures the escalating tensions that…
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What comes after New START?
Background and Context New START expired on February 5, 2026, ending limits on U.S. and Russian strategic nuclear forces. President Trump aims for a new, improved, modernized arms agreement that…
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The 2025 US-China Trade Truce: Strategic De-escalation and Purchase Commitments
A Temporary Pause in Trade Hostilities In October 2025, the People’s Republic of China and the United States reached a significant one-year trade truce following a period of intense escalation.…
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The Challenge of “Involution”: Addressing Excessive Competition and Market Distortions
The Phenomenon of Neijuan in the Chinese Economy In its 2026 Article IV report, the IMF introduces a detailed analysis of “involution”—locally known as neijuan—a term describing a state of…
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15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030): Navigating the Transition to High-Quality Development
A Strategic Blueprint for a New Era The year 2026 marks the official launch of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (FYP), a pivotal policy framework that defines the nation’s economic and…
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How China Wins the Future
Beijing’s Strategy to Seize the New Frontiers of Power Elizabeth Economy | Foreign Affairs, January/February 2026 In How China Wins the Future, the author examines how Beijing is positioning itself…
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China’s Long Economic War
How Beijing Builds Leverage for Indefinite Competition Zongyuan Zoe Liu | Foreign Affairs, January/February 2026 In China’s Long Economic War, the author argues that Beijing’s strategy toward global competition is…
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Foreign Affairs – January/February 2026
Volume 105, Number 1 The January/February 2026 issue of Foreign Affairs examines a world shaped by democratic strain, authoritarian cooperation, and strategic uncertainty. Across regions, the essays explore whether the…
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The AI Divide
How U.S.-Chinese Competition Could Leave Most Countries Behind As artificial intelligence becomes central to global economic and strategic power, a divide is emerging that could leave many countries behind. Its…
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Military AI Adoption Is Outpacing Global Cooperation
Rising Military AI Deployment Global militaries are integrating artificial intelligence at accelerating speed operations and systems. Consequently, these deployments increasingly outpace efforts to establish international cooperation or coordinated norms. Fraying…
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How 2026 Could Decide the Future of Artificial Intelligence
A Turning Point for AI in 2026 Artificial intelligence is entering a decisive phase defined by governance, widespread deployment, and geopolitical competition. As a result, policymakers must turn broad principles…
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Japón detiene a un pesquero chino y arresta a su capitán, en medio de tensiones diplomáticas con Pekín
Japón detuvo a un pesquero chino que navegaba dentro de su zona económica exclusiva en el mar de China Oriental y arrestó a su capitán por negarse a someterse a…
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Minister Wang Yi to Senior Officials: Build Asia-Pacific Community
En: APEC/PECCAPEC Senior Officials’ MeetingGuangzhou, People’s Republic of China | 10 February 2026 The first APEC Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM) of 2026 concluded in Guangzhou, marking the formal opening of China’s…